Life & Physical Science

Astronomers

SOC 19-2011

Study celestial objects and the structure of the universe.

Median pay

$129k

$100k to $166k typical range

Outlook

Growing

100 openings / yr

Education

Doctoral

AI exposure

86%

modeled estimate · 85th pct in Microsoft's data

Future-proof

72/100

Key skills

Reading Comprehension
Science
Writing
Mathematics
Critical Thinking
Active Listening

Where this ranks

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Pay and outlook from BLS (OEWS 2025, Employment Projections 2024-2034). Skills and work activities from O*NET 30.3. AI exposure and future-proof scores are modeled estimates. How we model AI exposure.