Healthcare Practitioners
Cardiologists
SOC 29-1212
Diagnose and treat heart disease, including performing procedures.
The job
Median pay
$496k
$274k to $610k typical range
Outlook, 2025 to 2035
Growing fast
+4.8% projected
Openings a year
500
BLS projection
Typical education
Doctoral (MD) plus fellowship
Our model
AI displacement risk
Very low
How much of this job AI may do instead of the person
Works with AI
38/100
AI alongside the person rather than instead of them
AI exposure
48th pct
More exposed than 48% of occupations · modeled estimate · 47th pct in Microsoft's data
Future-proof
80/100
Key skills
- Cardiac medicine
- Catheterization
- Interpretation
- Empathy
- Stamina
Pay and jobs by state
BLS OEWS May 2025, 51 states. Sorted by jobs; per 1,000 is jobs per thousand workers in the state; vs national compares that rate with the country's. A tilde marks a figure estimated from the parent occupation group where BLS publishes none.
| State | Jobs | Per 1,000 | vs national | Median pay |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New York | 2,260 | 0.2 | 2.1× | $492k |
| Texas | 2,050 | 0.1 | 1.3× | $410k |
| Georgia | 1,150 | 0.2 | 2.1× | $610k |
| Florida | 920 | 0.1 | 0.8× | $415k |
| Virginia | 810 | 0.2 | 1.8× | $461k |
| Ohio | 760 | 0.1 | 1.2× | $504k |
| Pennsylvania | 640 | 0.1 | 0.9× | $579k |
| California | 630 | 0.0 | 0.3× | $186k |
| Tennessee | 560 | 0.2 | 1.5× | $610k |
| Massachusetts | 510 | 0.1 | 1.3× | $575k~ |
All 51 states
| State | Jobs | Per 1,000 | vs national | Median pay |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Jersey | 501 | 0.1 | 1.1× | $287k~ |
| Arizona | 440 | 0.1 | 1.2× | $530k~ |
| Minnesota | 420 | 0.1 | 1.3× | $567k~ |
| Illinois | 340 | 0.1 | 0.5× | $518k |
| Michigan | 340 | 0.1 | 0.7× | $419k |
| Connecticut | 320 | 0.2 | 1.7× | $489k |
| Maryland | 303 | 0.1 | 1.0× | $337k~ |
| North Carolina | 300 | 0.1 | 0.6× | $466k~ |
| Utah | 280 | 0.2 | 1.4× | $472k~ |
| Louisiana | 260 | 0.1 | 1.2× | $425k~ |
| Kentucky | 248 | 0.1 | 1.1× | $558k~ |
| South Carolina | 210 | 0.1 | 0.8× | $457k~ |
| Colorado | 200 | 0.1 | 0.6× | $562k~ |
| Oklahoma | 200 | 0.1 | 1.1× | $450k~ |
| Washington | 200 | 0.1 | 0.5× | $656k |
| Wisconsin | 200 | 0.1 | 0.6× | $637k |
| New Hampshire | 190 | 0.3 | 2.5× | $553k~ |
| Kansas | 172 | 0.1 | 1.1× | $448k~ |
| Nebraska | 170 | 0.2 | 1.5× | $646k |
| Arkansas | 162 | 0.1 | 1.1× | $430k~ |
| Maine | 150 | 0.2 | 2.1× | $499k~ |
| Missouri | 150 | 0.1 | 0.5× | $648k |
| Oregon | 150 | 0.1 | 0.7× | $677k~ |
| Indiana | 140 | 0.0 | 0.4× | $589k |
| Nevada | 134 | 0.1 | 0.8× | $549k~ |
| Alabama | 130 | 0.1 | 0.6× | $519k |
| West Virginia | 113 | 0.2 | 1.4× | $439k~ |
| Iowa | 100 | 0.1 | 0.6× | $283k |
| Idaho | 91 | 0.1 | 0.9× | $484k~ |
| Delaware | 90 | 0.2 | 1.7× | $558k~ |
| New Mexico | 90 | 0.1 | 0.9× | $495k~ |
| Vermont | 70 | 0.2 | 2.1× | $501k~ |
| South Dakota | 62 | 0.1 | 1.2× | $446k~ |
| Rhode Island | 60 | 0.1 | 1.1× | $396k |
| Montana | 57 | 0.1 | 1.0× | $471k~ |
| Washington DC | 52 | 0.1 | 0.7× | $576k~ |
| Hawaii | 50 | 0.1 | 0.7× | $608k~ |
| Mississippi | 50 | 0.0 | 0.4× | $382k~ |
| North Dakota | 40 | 0.1 | 0.8× | $458k~ |
| Alaska | 38 | 0.1 | 1.1× | $605k~ |
| Wyoming | 30 | 0.1 | 1.0× | $477k~ |
Top metro areas
- New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ2,050 jobs · $492k median
- Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX940 jobs · $403k median
- Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA910 jobs
- Houston-Pasadena-The Woodlands, TX460 jobs · $188k median
- Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH440 jobs
- Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN310 jobs
- Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD290 jobs
- Salt Lake City-Murray, UT230 jobs
Where this ranks
Explore Cardiologists interactively →Pay and outlook from BLS (OEWS 2025, Employment Projections 2025-2035). Skills and work activities from O*NET 30.3. AI exposure and future-proof scores are modeled estimates. How these numbers are made.